Chapter 3: Internetworking# Nature seems … to reach many of her ends by long circuitous routes. —Rudolph Lotze Problem: Not All Networks are Directly Connected 3.1 Switching Basics 3.1.1 Datagrams 3.1.2 Virtual Circuit Switching 3.1.3 Source Routing 3.2 Switched Ethernet 3.2.1 Learning Bridges 3.2.2 Implementation 3.2.3 Spanning Tree Algorithm 3.2.4 Broadcast and Multicast 3.2.5 Virtual LANs (VLANs) 3.3 Internet (IP) 3.3.1 What Is an Internetwork? 3.3.2 Service Model 3.3.3 Global Addresses 3.3.4 Datagram Forwarding in IP 3.3.5 Subnetting and Classless Addressing 3.3.6 Address Translation (ARP) 3.3.7 Host Configuration (DHCP) 3.3.8 Error Reporting (ICMP) 3.3.9 Virtual Networks and Tunnels 3.4 Routing 3.4.1 Network as a Graph 3.4 2 Distance-Vector (RIP) 3.4.3 Link State (OSPF) 3.4.4 Metrics 3.5 Implementation 3.5.1 Software Switch 3.5.2 Hardware Switch 3.5.3 Software Defined Networks Perspective: Virtual Networks All the Way Down