Chapter 4: Advanced Internetworking# Every seeming equality conceals a hierarchy. —Mason Cooley Problem: Scaling to Billions 4.1 Global Internet 4.1.1 Routing Areas 4.1.2 Interdomain Routing (BGP) 4.2 IP Version 6 4.2.1 Historical Perspective 4.2.2 Addresses and Routing 4.2.3 Packet Format 4.2.4 Advanced Capabilities 4.3 Multicast 4.3.1 Multicast Addresses 4.3.2 Multicast Routing (DVMRP, PIM, MSDP) 4.4 Multiprotocol Label Switching 4.4.1 Destination-Based Forwarding 4.4.2 Explicit Routing 4.4.3 Virtual Private Networks and Tunnels 4.5 Routing Among Mobile Devices 4.5.1 Challenges for Mobile Networking 4.5.2 Routing to Mobile Hosts (Mobile IP) Perspective: The Cloud is Eating the Internet